NIS-CO Industrial Blowers and Fans

NIS-CO Industrial Blowers & Fans heavy duty fans are designed and selected with the use of modern computer techniques guided by over 100 years of fan engineering experience. Comprehensive testing confirms design decisions. Quality manufacturing standards guarantee long service life.

Industrial Axial & Centrifugal Fans

NIS-CO Industrial Blowers & Fans heavy duty axial and centrifugal fans are designed to handle applications involving erosive and corrosive gases, large capacities, high pressures and temperature extremes.

Typical applications include air cleaning systems, mechanical draft, chemical processes, kiln exhaust, mine ventilation, gas recirculation, sinteric and cryogenic service.

Industrial Blowers & Fans Supplier

Over the years, we supplied fans, blowers and pumps to a wide range of industries and applications. When prolonged service wears fan wheel the logical replacement is a new fan wheel built to the original design. A technical support and sales agent will get a replacement wheel, shaft, bearings, accessories, etc. in the shortest time. He, or she may also recommend changes to extend service life and performance of your machinery, including special materials of construction, explosion-proof and spark-resistant design, variety of coatings and accessories, intended to meet practically any application needs.

“Industrial Quality” Blowers & Fans

NIS-CO Industrial Blowers & Fans air moving products are best known for “industrial quality” assuring reliable performance, relentless dependability and longevity. A staff of specially trained engineers will design a dependable fan that exactly fits customers’ dimensional and performance requirements.

Our Blowers & Fans have a reputation for excellence

Solving difficult and unique air moving problems has earned NIS-CO Industrial Blowers & Fans a reputation for exceptional performance and reliability. Whether it’s energy related or industrial processing or simply moving a precise volume of air, a staff of specially trained engineers will design a dependable fan that exactly fits your performance and dimensional requirements

NIS-CO Industrial Blowers & Fans are sold and serviced by air movement professionals. We can help you explore your needs and will be pleased to work with you.

NIS-CO Industrial Blowers & Fans Corporation is committed to offering a wide variety of fans to meet your needs. Please visit our link, below, to view our capabilites and vast selection of designs. Buffalo Fan sales offices are located throughout North America and manufactured around the world. Wherever you are, “We want you to enjoy doing business with us.” Leave it to NIS-CO Industrial Blowers & Fans to take a perfectly reliable fan and offer a quieter, more efficient, less costly alternative.

Additional information can be found at the NIS-CO Industrial Blowers & Fans company web site http://www.canadianblower.com/ahu/index.html

Oleg Tchetchel
Air Systems Designer
oleg.tchetchel@canadablower.com
NIS-CO Industrial Blowers & Fans
http://canadianblower.com/hvac/index.html
http://canadianblower.com/index.html

NIS-CO Industrial Blowers & Fans Fan Blowers

oleg.tchetchel@canadablower.com

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Regenerative Channel Blowers

Regenerative Blowers deliver up to 1,300 SCFM of uncontaminated flow at up to 8 PSIG pressure, and from 30” to 0” Hg vacuum. Typical applications include air conveying, refuse burning, instrument air, air dryer, air cushioning, tank agitation, sewage aeration, blister packing, liquid spraying, fuel atomizing, air knives, product curing, radon gas elimination, automatic bottling, vacuum holding, soil remediation, paper transport, scrap collection, powder recovery, gas sampling, thread holding, and all applications requiring medium pressure, or vacuum.

Side Channel Blowers

Side Channel Blowers are available with cast aluminum casing enclosing cast aluminum rotors. NPT threaded flange connection 1”, 1.5”, 2”, 2.5”, 3” and 4”, as well as metric threaded flange of type G are standard. Shaft sealing is provided by C-flange motor mount, or by sealed bearings.

Channel Blower Packages

Channel Blower Packages are supplied on unitary base of standard or isolation type with RIS, or spring vibration isolators. Power transmission is implemented by V-Belt Drives complete with V-belts, adjustable or constant speed sheaves and pulleys, bushings, and motor slide bases; or by direct drive coupling. Motors are of High Efficiency design. OSHA Belt Guard and OSHA Coupling Guard are standard.

Expansion Joints, Flexible Connectors and Compression Couplings isolate Regenerative Blower to allow for thermal expansion and mis-alignment of piping.

Pressure / Vacuum Relief Safety Valves of VLR type are of spring loaded type kunkle valve. They set-up point of operation and bleed-off to prevent over-pressurization, or relief vacuum.

Inline Check Valves direct airflow or vacuum in one direction only. Flow Converters change direction of the flow by electronically, or pneumatically activated diverter.

Pressure / Vacuum Controls include differential pressure gauge up to 15 PSIG, vacuum gauge from 30” to 0” Hg, temperature gauge, gauge snubber to reduce pressure pulsation, and .25” pet-cock valve to isolate the gauge.

Regenerative Silencers are offered as inlet and discharge silencers with sound absorbing polyurethane elements. Additional auxiliary inlet and outlet silencers offer additional means of sound attenuation. Sound Enclosures are custom made based on application requirements.

Inlet Filters are offered with wire-mesh oil wetted (multi-wash), high efficiency ultra-synthetic (polyester, washable), or paper (thrown away) media. Controls included Differential Filter Pressure Gauge used as Filter Restriction Indicator. Filter casing is available as open flange design, hooded design, or combined filter-silencer assembly. In-line filters are custom.

Controls and drives options for side channel blowers include: variable frequency drives (VFD), motor starters, are available in NEMA 1, NEMA 3R, NEMA 4 enclosure, as well as for x-proof applications.

For additional information please refer to http://www.canadablower.com

Susan Terlitski
Ventilation Equipment Designer
canadablower@canadablower.com
Canada Blower
http://www.canadablower.com/index.html
http://www.canadablower.com/oem/index.html

Channel Type Blower

canadablower@canadablower.com

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Industrial Air Curtains

The idea of having an invisible barrier across the doorway to enable unimpeded access yet effectively prevent temperature flow, dust, odours and insects to cross, is appealing in itself but add to this the cost-saving in reducing energy use and the idea becomes more compelling, especially as air curtains are relatively inexpensive items.

Appropriate for industrial applications

Keeping warm air out of insulated cold stores or refrigerated facilities is the Number 1 objective yet a mockery is made of this premise when freezer of chiller doors are left wide open and, in some cases, chocked open to facilitate the movement or storage of perishables.

Self-generated pressure evolves from a non-circulatory type of air curtain as the jet induces ambient air into the stream. When the air curtain is installed on the outside of a cold room, the air spills back into the room and continues to do so until the pressure builds up to such a point that the air stream deflects to the outside.

Pressure Form Stack

The pressure-form-stack effect evolves when the cold air in the room is denser than the warmer outside air. The higher the ceiling, the higher the pressure becomes inside the cold room. The velocity of the air curtain should therefore be high enough to compensate for the outward pressure at the lower part of the cold room.

Wind pressures occur because of the conversion of the velocity pressure in the wind into static pressure. Of particular significance is the stability of the air curtain, which is directed by its outlet momentum. The curtain of air must be able to withstand pressure variations between the inside and the outside of the cold room. The outlet momentum should be sufficiently sustained and strong enough to stabilise the air at the floor. It is therefore essential to incorporate controls in the design of the air curtain to increase the strength of the velocity and ensure a stiff curtain of air and to decrease the velocity to prevent unnecessary heat and moisture transfer at the door.

Refrigeration Applications

In refrigeration applications, a high volume of turbulent air hitting the floor tens to form ice on the floor of freezers – this is not desirable or necessary so air flow needs to be adjusted so that it barely hits the floor. This can be accomplished by adjusting air louvers or fan speed to obtain the desired velocity. Drafts are eliminated by ensuring that air flow is vertical. The air curtain may be mounted on either the warm or cold side of the cooler with equal effectiveness.

The volume of air flow varies according to temperature difference between internal and external air and air exchange is therefore caused by thermal temperature differences. Using known values for the indoor and outdoor temperature difference, the densities, pressure differences and ultimately the air flow through the opening can be calculated.

Properly installed air curtains cut cold air loss and reduce humidity, thus reducing the load on refrigeration or air-conditioning plant and thereby saving energy by reducing compressor running time, maintenance, gas and recharging intervals. These units are an alternative to fast-acting roller doors and PVC slat curtains, and can be situated above or to the side of industrial doorways to create a powerful seal across the opening, keeping cold air in while providing complete visibility and access. This means that forklift drivers don’t have to get out of their cabs to open and close doors so that moving from one area to another is a lot easier and productive. Unlike plastic slat curtains, which quickly become opaque with use, an air curtain provides 100% visibility at all times. Units have been installed in loading bays, factories, hangars and production facilities, such as food processing and pharmaceuticals, where differential temperatures are encountered overseas.

Canadian Air Systems Co. is a well known designer and manufacturer of industrial and commercial air curatain systems and environmental air barriers.

For special applications Canadian Air Systems offer tangential air curtains to achieve high volume alminar air flow – to create permanent environmental air barriers.

For additional information please refer to http://nis-co.com/Index.html.

Oleg Tchetchel
Ventilation Engineer
Canadian Air Systems
http://www.nis-co.com
http://nis-co.com/aircurtain/Index.html

Air Curtains for Large Buildings Doors

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HVAC with Industrial Blowers and Fans

Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) is a system that provides warm air or cool air depending on your climate needs. HVAC systems are esteemed for their energy-saving abilities. They are installed by certified HVAC trained technicians only. Because of its awesome benefits, along with its pollution control feature, more homes are being installed with HVAC Indianapolis systems each year.

Another benefit of having an HVAC system installed at your home is its ability to clean and improve the air’s quality. Studies show that the quality of indoor air is way worse than outdoor air because indoor air is congested. The polluted indoor air, in turn, worsens allergies and causes colds to stay longer. With an HVAC system, the air indoors will constantly be exchanged with filtered fresh outdoor air.

It is true that the initial cost of an HVAC system is quite high. In fact, it is higher than the typical gas furnace. However, in the long run, each month you will feel the difference through your energy costs. Also, with HVAC systems, you won’t have to buy separate systems for heating and cooling and since there is only one machine, home space will also be saved for other important things. In addition, some HVAC systems run on renewable energy via solar panels. Plus, a non-chlorine-based coolant is used. You are actually saving the Earth too!

One major problem of most homeowners is moisture retention. Whether your local climate changes every few months or stays constant, moisture stays in your home. Indoors, air does not circulate properly without decent ventilation. Because of this, outside air cannot be able to circulate with the indoor air. When this happens, molds are more likely to grow inside walls, under floors, and even on your clothes. To avoid this, you need to dehumidify your home. An HVAC Indianapolis homes use can help you circulate indoor and outdoor air for less moisture in your home.

Moreover, HVAC systems increase a property’s value. In the case that you decide to sell your home in the future, your HVAC system will aid in appraising your home’s value. Compared to having an old-fashioned gas furnace which can be a potential fire hazard, an HVAC system is more convenient, appealing, and, not to mention, safe. Surely, most potential buyers will choose HVAC systems over old gas furnaces.

Consult your local heating and cooling Indianapolis based company about the things you need to prepare and are concerned about when planning to buy an HVAC system.

For additional information please refer to http://www.industrialblowerfan.com/index.html

Susanna Terlitskaia
Industrial Ventilating Engineer
Industrial Blower Fans Company
nis@primus.ca
http://www.industrialblowerfan.com/scrubbers-dust-collectors.html
http://www.industrialblowerfan.com/roof-extractors.html

HVAC System

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nis@primus.ca

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Industrial Blowers – FRP

Industrial FRP Blowers are designed for highly corrosive application to handle acid vapors, and organic and inorganic chemical fumes that are highly corrosive to metal at temperatures up to 250 F. Applications include scrubber systems, odor control systems in wastewater treatment plants, laboratory exhaust systems, metal finishing and chemical-process industries. Fiber-reinforced-plastic pressure blowers are made from chemical grade polyester or vinyl ester resins and reinforced with glass or fiber. Additional surface veil is available depending on the application. Capacity range of FRP Pressure Blowers is from 0 to 8,000 CFM and static pressure range is up to 40” WG.

Industrial Pressure Blowers

Housings of FRP Pressure Blowers are rotatable and fabricated of polyester resin based FRP , while wheels are made of vinyl ester resin FRP to allow for more strength. 316 stainless steel, or Hastelloy C276 alloy wheel and shaft assemblies are available. FRP ORB self-cleaning wheel design and FRP Pressure Blower wheel design are used depending on application. Standard shafts are made of C-1040/1045 steel covered with FRP sleeve. 316 stainless steel shafts are optional. Inlet/outlet flange drilling is according to ANSI 125/150 bolt pattern, or Voluntary Product Standard PS15-69. Neoprene gasketing with Teflon Shaft Seal, or Viton seal element in FRP casing is provided where low leakage is desired.

FRP Pressure Blower Accessories

FRP Pressure Blower Accessories include outlet flanged wafer-type damper, made of FRP; inlet vane damper in FRP construction; companion flange with collar in FRP construction; unitary base available with spring or rubber-in-shear RIS isolators ; drain and plug threaded FRP drain with PVC plug; inspection port ; surface veil provided in compliance with ASTM D 4167; all-vinyl ester airstream ; graphite impregnation to control static electricity; adjustable motor bases ; OSHA Guards and Motor weather cover; drive components ; VFD duty high efficiency motors ; and others.

Teflon Impregnated Flexible Connectors to isolate FRP pressure blower and to allow for mis-alignment of piping.

FRP Blower Silencers are offered as inlet and discharge silencers with FRP sound absorbing elements. 304, 316 stainless steel options are available as well.

Controls and drives: variable frequency drives (VFD), magnetic motor starters, are available in NEMA 1, NEMA 3R, NEMA 4 enclosure, as well as complete set of electrical components for x-proof applications.

Additional information can be found at the Northern Fan company web site http://www.northernindustrialsupplycompany.com/manufacturers.html

Oleg Cthetchel
Industrial Air Make-Up Equipment Designer
nis@primus.ca
Northern Fan Co.
http://www.northernindustrialsupplycompany.com/burlington/request2.html
http://www.northernindustrialsupplycompany.com/burlington/request3.html

Industrial Fiberglass Blower and Fan

nis@primus.ca

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Industrial Ventilation Blower Fans

Industrial ventilation is of paramount importance to ensure the safety and well-being of employees. In industries where employees are subjected to dangerous chemicals, vapours and gasses on a daily basis, effective industrial ventilation can mean the difference between life and death. The basic concepts behind industrial ventilation are quite simple, but for it to be effective, the ventilation system needs to be installed by an experienced engineer.

Industrial Ventilation Uses

Industrial ventilation is a method of controlling employee exposure toxic chemicals, volatile airborne substances and flammable vapours by removing the contaminated air and replacing it with clean, fresh air. Used in a variety of different industries where poisonous vapours may be a problem, industrial ventilation is most often employed to remove welding and solvent vapours, oil mists and poisonous or volatile dust.

But industrial ventilation may not always be necessary. True, it should be preferable for the continued health of your employees, but regulations suggest that industrial ventilation only becomes compulsory when:

•the levels of contaminants exceed regulated levels;
•the lower explosive limit of flammable vapours is exceeded; or
•when the oxygen concentration in an area drops below 19.5%.

Industrial ventilation should also be considered before respirators. Not only is the system easier to maintain, but, in the long run, is a much more cost effective method of air purity control.

There are a number of industrial ventilation options available depending on the circumstances of your industry’s circumstances. The most basic is indoor quality ventilation that aims to provide fresh air throughout a building as part of the existing ventilation system. This option is primarily used in offices but can be effective in small industries where the concentration of contaminants is low.

Industrial Ventilation System

Easy to maintain and inexpensive to set up is dilution ventilation. This form of industrial ventilation uses large and powerful exhaust fans to extract contaminated air and to draw in clean air. It is very effective in clearing flammable vapours but is less effective for metal fumes or large concentrations of highly toxic materials. Depending on where the industry is located, the incoming air may require a lot of cooling or heating before it can be introduced into the industrial ventilation system, increasing the cost of using the system.

Dilution ventilation uses the simple principles of displacement and dilution to function. Some of the contaminated air is removed and replaced with large amounts of fresh air. The concentration of the contamination is effectively lowered, making it safer for people to work in the area.

Exhaust Ventilation

A more localised industrial ventilation system is local exhaust ventilation. This system captures the contaminations at the source and expels it before it has a chance to disperse into the air. For highly toxic contaminants or high concentrations, this industrial ventilation is probably one of the best. It does not require large amounts of fresh incoming air since the exhaust of contaminants is localised. This effective ventilation comes at a higher cost and more frequent maintenance, however.

Local exhaust ventilation works like a vacuum cleaner forcing contaminated air to move from a high concentration to a low concentration. It is perhaps one of the most effective industrial ventilation systems because it removes the contaminants at the source before it has a chance to spread.

There are effective industrial ventilation systems available for any industry. Some are simple to use, like dilution ventilation, while others are specifically made for highly toxic environments, like local exhaust ventilation. Whatever the decision, as long as the industrial ventilation keeps your employees safe from the contaminations of the substances they work with, it is doing its job.

For more information about proper building ventilation please visit the Fan and Blower company web site http://fanblower.com/high_pressure_blower_fan.htm

Susann Terlitski
Designer of Industrial Air Handling Units
Fan and Blower Co.
abbblower@abbblower.com
http://www.fanblower.com/centrifugal_fans.htm
http://www.fanblower.com/low_&_medium_pressure_blower_fan.htm

Industrial Ventilation

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How to Improve Air Flow Ventilation

Improvement the air circulation in the building makes a huge difference because the faster the air moves through your home, the easier it is to maintain a temperature within your home. The heating, air conditioning, plumbing, and electrical service shops can help you to choose the different methods which will make this possible. The good news is that most of these methods will allow you to not only have more consistent temperatures throughout your home. They will also help you to be able to spend less money to get the results you are looking for.

There are three methods you can try for improving the circulation in your home. One of the ways is to make sure that you are getting the right amount of air flow through the ventilation system in your home. You can also make sure that you are regularly changing the air filters. You can also make sure to use electric zoning so that you will be able to get constant temperatures throughout your home. The more you are willing to invest in the different methods for circulating the air throughout your home, the more comfortable your home will be.

Improving Air Flow in the Ventilation System

There are many different ways in which you can improve the amount of circulation that you get. One way is to install duct fans. These are blowers which will help to force the air through the ventilation system and into the different rooms of the home. These are especially useful when you notice that certain rooms of the home are harder to ventilate or affect the temperature than others. They work remotely, but in conjunction with the HVAC unit so that they will only operate while the system is on.

Change Your Air Filters

Improving indoor air quality is possible by making sure to change the air filters regularly. Not only does changing the air filters help to improve health by improving indoor air quality. It also helps to make sure that the air is able to flow easily throughout the house. This will help to make sure that you are getting the right kind of ventilation so that the entire home will be as comfortable as possible. Try to invest in air filters which will filter out different kinds of allergens.

Maximizing Temperatures through Electronic Zoning

When you have better ventilation, you might also want to invest in electronic zoning. This is when you use different thermostats throughout the home to control the temperature in different zones. The greater control will allow you to be able to make sure that the right amount of hot or cold air is getting to where it needs to be. You will no longer have to rely on one thermostat to control the temperature for the entire home. This will improve circulation greatly.

Additional information can be found at the Industrial High Pressure Blower Company web site http://www.highpressureblower.net/pressureblower.html

Alex Todorovo
Industrial Mechanical Process Engineer
High Pressure Blower Co.
alex.todorov@canadablower.com
http://www.highpressureblower.net/canadianblowerpropellerfans.html
http://www.highpressureblower.net/FanAccessories.html

Methods of Improving Ventilation

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alex.todorov@canadablower.com

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Positive Pressure Ventilation with Industrial Blower Fans

Positive pressure ventilation ensures blowing things like debris and particles that would be harmful if humans breathed into their lungs out of the area where the humans are. Positive pressure ventilation also refers to medical procedures and devices that actually breathe for people who have experienced trauma and need to be on a ventilator system. For the purpose of this article we will be speaking of positive pressure ventilation in the capacity to remove unwanted contaminants from the air in a structure so that the remaining air is left breathable by all concerned.

Large Industrial Fans

Large fans are used in this ventilation type to push the particles from one area of a structure into another area of the same structure. This is successful because air that is in a high pressure area will automatically attempt to travel to a low pressure area. The fans can cause fire and debris to move from the high pressure area to an established exhaust point where it can be safely removed from the environment.

These systems are not frequently spoken of in most social circles. This is more than likely why you are unfamiliar with the term positive pressure ventilation. Large industrial companies have to use these methods of cleansing and purifying the air so that their employees can safely work in their factories.

Exhaust Fan Systems

Many things that are created cause harmful fumes, gases, and particles to enter the air where they are being manufactured. Exhaust systems and fans are used to push the harmful particles from the room and into areas where it can be contained or where it will cause no danger to any living thing.

Schools and residential homes do not require this type of ventilation, it is primarily used in factories, and manufacturing companies that create chemicals, use chemicals, or create something that causes toxic fumes to occur.

There are some places that only need this type of ventilation system in a small portion of their structure. Some of them only need these systems in one room of their buildings. It is possible to buy the correct components to clean the air in these areas without installing the same type of system throughout the structure.

Most of the modern systems that do this have units mounted in the loft space above the rooms. Some of them have units installed in specifically designed cupboards that house them. Series of ducts connect the units and the individual areas within the structure.

You can have decentralized mechanical extract systems incorporated into your building system design so that certain rooms have a continuous extraction rate that can ultimately be increased or decreased from one remote control panel.

This allows contaminated air from wet rooms and areas like these to be removed and replaced with filtered air that has been tempered and rendered perfect. Each building has unique specifications and must have their systems custom designed and installed in order for the air in all areas to be rendered clean and breathable.

For more information about proper building ventilation please visit the ABB Blower company web site http://fanblower.com/dust_collector_unit.htm

Susann Terlitski
Designer of Industrial Air Handling Units
Fan and Blower Co.
abbblower@abbblower.com
http://www.fanblower.com/dust_collector_unit.htm
http://www.fanblower.com/air_curtain.htm

Positive Pressure Ventilation

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Industrial Blower Fan Ventilation System

This article will discuss options for improving energy efficiency when designing an HVAC system and selecting a fan. HVAC design engineers face many choices throughout the planning process, perhaps few as crucial as that of fan equipment, a principal consumer of energy.

Industrial Blowers & Fans Flow Rates

Flow rates are predetermined based on space type and occupancy. Although local codes determine minimum requirements for HVAC systems, ASHRAE Handbook – HVAC Applications provides general design criteria for various commercial and public buildings. These criteria include air movement, room circulation, noise, and filter efficiency. Although all are important, room circulation, in air changes per hour, typically determines airflow requirements. Because flow rate is driven by design criteria, a design engineer’s primary means of reducing energy use is to minimize the static pressure needed to move air through a system.

Air Movement and Control Association (AMCA) International defines system pressure loss as “the sum of the static-pressure losses due to friction, shock, dissipation of velocity pressure at the system discharge, and the static-pressure differences between the entry and discharge openings of an air system. The static pressure a fan must overcome is dependent on many variables, only some of which the design engineer can control. The location of equipment often is determined by the architect and, therefore, limits the engineer’s options.

Blowers and Fans Duct Configuration

Duct configuration and fittings used to connect components are large contributors to static pressure. Other sources of system pressure loss are balancing and control dampers, variable-air-volume (VAV) boxes, diffusers, louvers, coils, filters, and other components in an air stream. Given that velocity pressure is proportional to the square of velocity, pressure loss in most of these components is proportional to velocity squared. This makes size an important factor, as cross-sectional area dictates fluid velocity. For example, reducing air velocity throughout a system by 10 percent would result in a 20-percent reduction in system static pressure. With air power proportional to pressure, this would equate to a 20-percent reduction in energy consumption.

In addition to accounting for all static-pressure loss in a system and achieving required room airflow, a design engineer must adhere to Section 6.5.3 of ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1, Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings, which limits the power (horsepower) a fan can consume per cubic foot per minute of airflow the fan generates. With flow requirements defined, a design engineer must limit system static pressure to meet this power limitation.

System Effect and Industrial Fans and Blowers

A major contributor to energy consumption that often is ignored is system effect. AMCA International defines system effect as “a decrease in fan performance capability, observed as a pressure loss, which results from the effect of fan-inlet restrictions/obstructions, fan-outlet restrictions, or other conditions influencing the performance of the fan when it is installed in a system.”2 System effect is a reduction in a fan’s ability to generate pressure and can be looked at as an additional system pressure loss. It can lead to underperformance, excessive noise, and vibration in a fan and system.

System Effect and Fan Curves

System effect can be described by its impact on a fan curve. Fan curves are produced from laboratory testing, with fans configured for ideal installations. Testing is performed in accordance with ANSI/AMCA Standard 210-07/ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 51-2007, Laboratory Methods of Testing Fans for Certified Aerodynamic Performance Rating. A fan curve displays performance for a constant speed (revolutions per minute) in terms of static pressure vs. volumetric flow rate. In Figure 1, the intersection of the system-resistance curve and the pressure curve is the operating point of the fan. To move along the system curve to alter fan performance, one must increase or decrease fan speed accordingly. Operating power is where the power curve intersects with a vertical line running through the operating point.

Ideal Industrial Blower Fan Inlet & Outlet Conditions

The ideal inlet and outlet conditions under which fans are tested rarely are seen in the field. As a result, a fan will overperform or underperform in terms of flow rate, static pressure, or both. In Figure 2, a suitable fan was selected, but system effect was ignored. The blue lines represent how the fan would perform under AMCA International test conditions. Actual measured performance is indicated by the red dot. The red line shows how the fan would perform in an AMCA International air test when operating at design speed, but takes into account system effect. The only way to achieve the desired performance is to speed the fan to the rate designated by the green line. The consequence is a higher operating speed, higher brake horsepower, and higher sound levels.

Propeller Fan & Tube Axial Fan Selection

Another key to reducing power consumption is fan selection. Generally, propeller or tube-axial fans are more efficient for relatively low static pressures, while centrifugal-type fans are used for relatively high static pressures. Too often, fan selection is based solely on first cost. The consequence is that a relatively small-diameter, high-speed fan is used. A small fan operating at a high speed generally requires more operating power and produces more noise than a large fan operating at a low speed.

Most of the energy lost in a system is converted to heat. For example, mechanical and electrical energy losses in a fan motor raise the surface temperature of the motor. If the motor is in an air stream, the heat will be transferred directly to the air.

Belt Dive Propeller Fans and other Blower Fan Systems

In a belt-driven system, losses are the result of belt friction, slippage, and / or flexing. All such losses are converted to heat and, if the belt drive is in an air stream, increase the temperature of air. Fan losses quantified by fan efficiency contribute to air-temperature rise as well. As a fan works on a fluid, the friction attributed to the airflow decreases the fan’s efficiency and creates heat. As the efficiency of a system decreases, air-temperature rise increases. In a cooling application, this means increased energy consumption on the part of the compressor. Minimizing inefficiencies results in energy savings. It is the engineer’s responsibility to minimize total system pressure through proper design and layout. This involves balancing economics and efficiencies in specifying a fan. But not all responsibility resides with the engineer. The contractor must ensure appropriate equipment is installed and not base decisions solely on the lowest bid. The contractor needs to be aware of the consequences of poor installation and minimize system effects.

The losses accrued in a system directly affect the system’s power consumption while indirectly increasing the energy consumed by other processes. Energy losses in the form of heat equate to higher operating costs.

Because performance conditions are mandated by codes, proper system design, equipment selection, and installation are the most effective means of minimizing inefficiencies and saving energy.

Additional information can be found at the Northern Industrial company web site http://www.northernindustrialsupplycompany.com/products/air_handling_units.html

Oleg Cthetchel
Canadian Ventilation HVAC Engineer
Northern Industrial Co.
asap@buffalofan.com
http://www.northernindustrialsupplycompany.com/request.html
http://www.northernindustrialsupplycompany.com/outside/request2.html

Ventilation Systems Engineering

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Proper Operation of Axial & Centrifugal Blowers and Fans

Proper Operation of Axial Blowers and Fans

In axial flow fan the air must blow in line with the axis of rotation and there must be blades with space between them. With few exceptions, the axial blower or fan must not have a lot of back pressure and will work a lot better if the blade is shrouded. One obvious exception is the turbine compressor used in jet engines, but this requires very tight fittings and very high speed so the air is being rammed in against the outgoing air much faster than it can move – it uses a lot of power and makes a lot of noise. Shrouding works better because the greatest loss in an unshrouded fan is the air coming off near the tips and immediately turning out and back circulating only through the fan and not through the room. The most common shrouded fan people see is muffin style fan in computers. An axial blower can have multiple sets of blades and the blades can even over lap so light is not visible through the fan. Fans are used most often for moving large quantities of air between spaces at atmospheric pressure.

Centrifugal Blowers

Centrifugal blowers come in a number of forms of which the most common is the squirrel cage blower. The common factor is the air is moving perpendicular to the axis of the part that is moving the air. Typically, the air is drawn in through the side of the unit, turns at low speed to encounter the inside of a spinning cylinder with ribs or vanes around the wall of the cylinder which fling the air out and away where it is captured and aimed through an outlet much smaller than the inlet. Think of taking an open tin can, drilling a hole in the center of the bottom to take a bolt as an axle and cutting slots up the sides, bending the material of the slots in, then spinning it with a drill. A variation looks like a plate with ribs running from the center and increasing in height toward the rim, the air being thrown off the rim. The name squirrel cage comes from the appearance like the tread wheel small rodents use for exercise – I suspect it is not called a hamster tread wheel because that is too precise – or childish. Blowers can have higher output pressures, but not a lot higher and they lose capacity rapidly with increasing pressure.

Common Blower Uses

Aside from the small squirrel cage blowers used on some electrical equipment, the most common blowers of this type are the units used for drying carpet after cleaning or a fire, the blowers used for leaf sweeping and the unit hidden inside a vacuum cleaner.

Industrial Blower Installation

Caution is necessary in selecting blowers for series installation. It is generally accepted that most pre-engineered blowers are capable of withstanding twice their catalog rated static pressure. In other words, where two blowers are installed in series the second blower housing should withstand the higher pressure. There is, however, a need for concern when the combined pressure exceeds twice the rated static pressure for one blower. In series applications involving three or more blowers, or in any system in which positive or negative pressure exists prior to the consideration of the blowers, special housing reinforcement may be necessary.

For additional information please refer to http://www.northernindustrialsupplycompany.com/outside/request4.html

Oleg Chetchel
Industrial Process Equipment Engineer
Northern Industrial Co.
http://www.northernindustrialsupplycompany.com/outside/request5.html
http://www.northernindustrialsupplycompany.com/outside/request3.html

Ventilator, Fan and Blowers

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