Exhaust Fans & Inline Fans for Residential Ventilation

Most of today’s new homes are highly insulated and practically air tight. While this is great as far as cost effective energy bills go, the down side to tightly insulated homes is poor indoor air quality. As windows and doors are typically kept shut throughout the day, moisture, and stale air that can carry contaminants and pathogens circulates inside homes and gives rise to various problems including mold and mildew, health problems, ruined furniture, peeling paint etc. This is why it is important that you take every step to improve the quality of your indoor air, which can be achieved through mechanical ventilation.

An excellent way to ventilate your home thoroughly, efficiently, and cheaply is to install exhaust fans in your home. This article explains what exhaust fans are, their different types, how to select the best one for your home, and also the benefits of exhaust ventilation fans.

What Are Exhaust Fans

An exhaust fan is a mechanical ventilation device that helps to draw out stale and impure air from your home and bring in fresh air, thereby improving the quality of indoor air. Exhaust fans are typically ducted to the exteriors of your house, through which bad indoor air can effectively be removed from your living space.

Types Of Exhaust Fans

Exhaust fans are classified into various types, mainly depending on the type of mount and the location where you need to install the fans. The different types are:

1. Ceiling Mounted Exhaust Fans: As the name suggests, ceiling exhaust fans are those which are installed in the ceiling. Such fans expel stale air from your home upwards through the roof. The fan is connected to ducting, which is exhausted outside the home via an external vent, like a roof cap or soffit exhaust vent.

2. Inline Exhaust Fans: Unlike ceiling exhaust fans that are installed directly into the ceiling, inline exhaust fans are typically mounted in-between ducting, hence the name inline fan. For instance, if you wanted to ventilate an area that did not have clearance or space for a ceiling mount fan, you would make use of inline exhaust fans to ventilate such areas. The exhaust fan would be placed in between the ductwork and the stale air would travel through the ducts and ultimately be expelled from your home. Since inline fans are not mounted directly to the ceiling, they are very quiet. When installing an inline fan, to reduce noise, we recommend using an insulated flex duct that is at least eight feet long from the intake port on the ceiling to the inline fan.

Inline exhaust fans are ideal for exhausting areas or rooms where you cannot, or do not wish to install the exhaust fan directly. Since these types of exhaust fans are mounted in remote areas, they are also referred to as remote mounted exhaust fans. Inline exhaust fans can either be single-port (exhausting from a single area) or multi-port (exhausting from multiple areas).

3. Wall Mounted Exhaust Fans: These exhaust fans are installed on walls. Since they are installed on exterior walls of the home and not on interior walls, the stale air has a direct route to the outside of your home and thus no duct work is required in installing these exhaust fans.

4. Combination Exhaust Fans: Exhaust fans are also available as combination units. You have the choice of a fan-light combination where the exhaust fan provides illumination as well, or heat-fan-light combination wherein you get a heater, light and ventilating fan all in a single device.

5. Exterior Remote Mounted Exhaust Fans: While most other exhaust fans are installed inside your home and push stale air out, exterior remote mounted fans are installed outside your home and pull out stale indoor air instead of pushing it out. The main benefit of these exhaust fans is that regardless of however noisy they are, most of the noise remains outside your home.

6. Kitchen Range Exhaust Fans: These fans are mounted inside the range hood over your kitchen stove. Such fans not only help to rid your kitchen of stale air but also help to expel bad odors and reduce moisture levels in your cooking area.

These several types of exhaust fans can be used for complete ventilation of your home including intermittent local ventilation for baths, kitchens, dryer rooms; continuous whole house ventilation throughout your home, and for exhausting hard-to-air spaces such as crawl spaces, attics, and basements.

Benefits Of Exhaust Fans

Exhaust fans are very effective at ventilating your home and other living spaces. Without proper ventilation, the air inside your home can get filled with harmful contaminants and disease causing pathogens.

Pollutants such as pesticides, harmful gases, smoke, pet dander, lead, asbestos, dust mites, paint fumes, grease etc get released into indoor air due to daily activities such as cooking, smoking, burning fuel, bathing, renovating etc. In addition to these pollutants, activities such as bathing, cooking, and washing also release excess moisture in the air and make indoor air extremely humid. If not ventilated adequately, these added pollutants and increased moisture levels can decrease the quality of indoor air greatly, thereby leading to various problems such as:

Health problems including asthma, allergies, nose bleeds, skin rashes, headaches, nausea, and other breathing disorders. In fact, according to the Environmental Protection Agency, a large percentage of the over 20 million annual asthma cases in the US alone can be attributed to bad indoor air quality.

Split, warped and rotted furniture due to excess humidity.

Cracked and peeling paint on the walls.

Formation of fungus, mold spores, and mildew, which in turn lead to severe health problems.

Thus, by using exhaust fans to ventilate your home efficiently and completely, thereby improving indoor air quality, you can rid yourself and your home of all these problems.

Recommended Sizing Of Exhaust Fans

To ventilate your home effectively, it is important that the exhaust fan you choose has the capacity to exhaust the intended space completely. To ensure this, you must select the right sized fan for your needs. Here’s a look at how to size exhaust fans properly.

1. Location of the Exhaust Fan and Air Changes Per Hour:

Where you intend to install the exhaust fan will have a direct bearing on its size. As per the Home Ventilating Institute (HVI), different locations in your home require varying Air Changes Per Hour (ACH) in order to be ventilated properly. Here are the ACH requirements recommended by HVI.

8 ACH for bathrooms

15 ACH for kitchens

6 ACH for rooms other than bath and kitchen

ACH refers to the number of times the air should be completely changed in an hour. Thus, an 8 ACH recommendation for bathrooms means the exhaust fan should have the capacity to completely change the air in the bathroom 8 times in one hour.

All exhaust fans are rated in CFM, which refers to Cubic Feet per Minute. To determine how large an exhaust fan you need (in other words, CFM rating of the fan) here’s what you need to do.

Sizing Bathroom Exhaust Fans:

First and foremost, measure the dimensions (length, width, and height) of the room and then calculate the volume of air in the room by multiplying all these 3 numbers. For instance, if your bathroom has dimensions of 6 x 10 x 8, then the air volume in the bathroom is 480 cubic feet. Thus, the exhaust fan needs to ventilate 480 cubic feet of air in order to achieve 1 ACH. But since the recommended ACH for bathrooms is 8, the fan will effectively need to ventilate 480 x 8 cubic feet, which equals 3840 cubic feet in one hour. Fan ratings are per minute, thus by dividing 3840 by 60, you can achieve the desired CFM rating for the fan which in this case is 64.

A simpler way of determining the CFM rating for bathroom exhaust fans is to simply multiply the length of the bathroom by its width. For every 1 sq. ft. of floor area, you need 1 CFM. Thus, in the above example, area would be 6 x 10 = 60, thus recommended fan size would be 60 CFM.

However, if your bathroom is more than 100 sq. ft. in size, you have to add the different fixtures in your bathroom to reach the desired CFM rating. The recommended CFM for different fixtures is:

· Shower – 50 CFM

· Toilet – 50 CFM

· Bathtub – 50 CFM

· Whirlpool tub – 100 CFM

Thus, if your bathroom is more than 100 sq. ft. in size and has a toilet and shower, you will need an exhaust fan with 100 CFM rating. If a bathtub is also present the CFM rating will increase to 150 and so on.

Sizing Kitchen Exhaust Fans:

When sizing an exhaust fan for the kitchen, you have to take into account the location of your kitchen cooking range (if without range hood) or the size and location of the range hood if there is one. Here are the recommended CFM ratings for kitchen range hood exhaust fans:

Generally speaking, for every 10,000 BTU of the range, it is recommended a minimum of 100 CFM. So if your range is rated at 50,000 btu’s, you would consider getting a fan with at least 500 CFM.

2. Understanding Static Pressure and Measuring Equivalent Duct Length:

When sizing an exhaust fan that does not open directly to the outside but is ducted, it is important to ensure that the exhaust fan has the capability to move stale air throughout the duct and ultimately to the outside. Here, we first need to understand what static pressure and equivalent duct length is.

Static Pressure: Inside every duct, there is a constant pressure being exerted at any point from all directions. When an exhaust fan moves air through the duct, the air counters resistance from this pressure which is known as static pressure. Thus, an exhaust fan has to have the ability to overcome the static pressure in a duct so as to effectively duct stale air to the outside of your home. This can be done by calculating the equivalent duct length of any duct.

Calculating Equivalent Duct Length (EDL): Simply measuring the length of a duct is not enough to know how much static pressure an exhaust fan has to overcome. Ducts may have one or more elbows, turns, or wall caps which add to the static pressure in a duct. Thus, you have to calculate the equivalent duct run and not the actual duct run so as to size an exhaust fan properly.

The static pressure in any duct run differs according to the material of the duct, number of elbows and turns, exterior wall cap and wall jacks etc. Listed below are the standard values for different duct components.

Smooth metal duct: Actual duct length x 1

Flex aluminum duct: Actual duct length x 1.25 (for 4″diameter duct)

Actual duct length x 1.50 (for 6″diameter duct)

Insulated flex duct: Actual duct length x 1.50 (for 4″diameter duct)

Actual duct length x 2.00 (for 6″diameter duct)

Wall caps and roof caps: 30 feet for each cap (for 4″diameter duct)

40 feet for each cap (for 6″diameter duct)

Elbows and turns: 15 feet for each (for 4″diameter duct)

20 feet for each (for 6″diameter duct)

Using the above values, you can calculate the equivalent straight duct length that an exhaust fan has to overcome so as to push stale air outside your home and counter static pressure effectively.

For more information about proper building ventilation please visit the Fan and Blower company web site http://www.fanblower.com/centrifugal_fans.htm

Susann Terlitski
Designer of Industrial Air Handling Units
Fan and Blower Co.
abbblower@abbblower.com
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Industrial Fans for Cooling

Industrial cooling fans are useful for a number of businesses and industries. If you or your any family member operates a parking center, then you need these types of fans to keep the unit well ventilated. An industrial cooling fan has been considered as an efficient means of air circulation to thwart people being overcome by fumes from exhausts, etc. People involve in transporting livestock from one location to another must require these fans as heat can cause damage to your animals. It is your duty to keep your animals relaxed as they are completely dependent on you for their well-being.

People involve in operating a warehouse or a loading dock face a number of problems to keep the temperature in control. They must need to introduce a comfortable working environment so that their employees can work and live in with comfort and peace. Sometimes, normal air conditioning or heating systems can be proved as an expensive option so that people are advised to look for industrial cooling fans. Apart from circulating the air and moving the hot or cold air around the building, the expenditure of running fans combined with a heating and air conditioning system seems to be cheaper than a standalone HVAC system.

If you are an employer and working in a number of industries, then your first duty is to take care of your employees by providing comfortable working surroundings. It doesn’t signify you have to provide a lot of fancy couches and comfy seating, but it does exhibit that you cannot expect a person to work in overheated conditions. In fact, an employer needs to provide decent air quality and conditions for his/her employees to work in. These are the reasons for which the demand of industrial cooling fans has been increased to the great extent.

To purchase an industrial cooling fan, customers need to consult online stores. A simple search through the internet brings them a number of online stores selling the products and services at affordable rates. In addition to their products, their services are unique and exclusive in the market. So, it is advised to make search and see results.

The Various Applications Where Ventilation Fans Are Used:

•The Ventilation Fans are extensively used in various activities such as, fabricating, manufacturing, mining, etc. These Ventilation Fans are used for the removal of dust, fume, and smoke particles from the atmosphere and to make it free from suffocation. Some of the manufacturing units where the Ventilation Fans are used for the mass extraction of fumes and dust particles are, Textile Mills, Steel Mills, Wood product Mills, Ceramics and Aerospace material units. These units install huge turbines and impellers to move the extremely large volume of air.

•Crude Oil and Petrochemical Refineries have to deal with fuels and solvents which are extremely toxic, flammable, and unpredictable. Here, Ventilation Fans are required for the functioning of sophisticated Air Entrainment systems.

•The Mining and Quarrying industries are always immensely reliant on the Ventilation Fans. The Coal dust in these mines can be very explosive if it somehow catches fire. This risk is reduced by the dust removal, which is done by the Ventilation Fans. Very powerful blowers and bulky turbines are implemented to ventilate the mines and quarries.

•The workers in Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical industries have to struggle with biological, chemical, and various other physical risks. In such environment, Ventilations Fans come to their rescue.

Industrial Fans

Industrial Fans will always act like the tough weapons to fight against the toxic and hazardous work area of every small and large industry. The various forms of Ventilation are performed by Air Fume collection system, Robotic welding hoods, Dust collection units, Air Filters, Chemical Scrubbers, Fume containment systems, etc. Ventilation Fans Manufacturers and Suppliers nowadays offer very efficient models for individual needs of industries. Any industrial buyer just has to go online and contact the Industrial Ventilation System Manufacturer in India who can meet the needs exactly and get installation assistance as well.

Additional information can be found at the Industrial Fan Blower company web site http://www.industrialfanblower.net

Oleg Tchechel
Developer of Industrial Air Make-Up Units
Industrial Fan Blower Co.
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HVAC with Industrial Blowers and Fans

Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) is a system that provides warm air or cool air depending on your climate needs. HVAC systems are esteemed for their energy-saving abilities. They are installed by certified HVAC trained technicians only. Because of its awesome benefits, along with its pollution control feature, more homes are being installed with HVAC Indianapolis systems each year.

Another benefit of having an HVAC system installed at your home is its ability to clean and improve the air’s quality. Studies show that the quality of indoor air is way worse than outdoor air because indoor air is congested. The polluted indoor air, in turn, worsens allergies and causes colds to stay longer. With an HVAC system, the air indoors will constantly be exchanged with filtered fresh outdoor air.

It is true that the initial cost of an HVAC system is quite high. In fact, it is higher than the typical gas furnace. However, in the long run, each month you will feel the difference through your energy costs. Also, with HVAC systems, you won’t have to buy separate systems for heating and cooling and since there is only one machine, home space will also be saved for other important things. In addition, some HVAC systems run on renewable energy via solar panels. Plus, a non-chlorine-based coolant is used. You are actually saving the Earth too!

One major problem of most homeowners is moisture retention. Whether your local climate changes every few months or stays constant, moisture stays in your home. Indoors, air does not circulate properly without decent ventilation. Because of this, outside air cannot be able to circulate with the indoor air. When this happens, molds are more likely to grow inside walls, under floors, and even on your clothes. To avoid this, you need to dehumidify your home. An HVAC Indianapolis homes use can help you circulate indoor and outdoor air for less moisture in your home.

Moreover, HVAC systems increase a property’s value. In the case that you decide to sell your home in the future, your HVAC system will aid in appraising your home’s value. Compared to having an old-fashioned gas furnace which can be a potential fire hazard, an HVAC system is more convenient, appealing, and, not to mention, safe. Surely, most potential buyers will choose HVAC systems over old gas furnaces.

Consult your local heating and cooling Indianapolis based company about the things you need to prepare and are concerned about when planning to buy an HVAC system.

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Industrial Blower Fans Company
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Industrial Floor Fans

There are many industrial floor fans available on the market today. It may be difficult for you to chose from the various styles and colors available. The most common ones are black, metal or white. Some can go close to the floor and some are on stands. You need to be sure that you pick the type which fulfills your needs.

One thing to consider is the size of the area you want to cool. If it is a larger area then you may need to purchase a stand to put it on. If you have a smaller room then a small floor industrial fan is more appropriate. You must also consider safety and place the fan in a location where mishaps are unlikely to occur.

Industrial Fans Manufacturers

There are also many manufactures who produce industrial floor fans. This should also be selected with caution. Be sure you pick a manufacturer who is well known and has good feedback. If purchasing a fan made by an unknown or not so popular manufacturer, do some research to find out the type of support they provide. Make sure you check to see what is covered by warranties.

Choosing an Industrial Floor Fan

When picking out your industrial floor fan, make sure you see what can of noise is generated. This aspect will not make a difference if the fan is located in a garage or another area that is not used often. If the fan makes a lot of noise in a heavily used area, it can become an issue, especially in the workplace. It can take away concentration from work. Of course, the larger ones will be noisier only because of the size. Some make a lot of noise because of how they are designed. Others are designed to be quiet and do the job efficiently. Don’t only go by looks. Make sure you look at all of the product specifications.

Select a model that generates as little noise as possible. It won’t be possible to get one which is silent, but get one which won’t affect daily activities for your business.

Why are these industrial floor fans used?

One main reason for getting an industrial floor fan is energy efficiency. Typical air conditioning for a large area will run up bills. A fan is more economical and provides cooling. Another reason is to dry interior decoration such as carpets as well as floors. Dampness and flooding can be eliminated through the use of an industrial fan. This recovery method for water damange is very economical.

Industrial floor fans are useful because of the more economical approach for cooling and don’t require fuel to operate. They are helpful all year round and not just in higher temperatures. Fans help to allow air to circulate evenly since heat rises. You can find an industrial floor fan either online or offline. If you are researching for a new fan, then looking online will be your best bet.

Additional information can be found at the Industrial Fan Blower company web site http://industrialfanblower.net/Index.htm

Oleg Tchechel
Developer of Industrial Air Make-Up Units
Industrial Fan Blower Co.
asap@buffalofan.com
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Industrial Exhaust Fans

NIS-CO offer smoke and heat exhaust fans that are UL listed for Smoke Control Systems and a full line of kitchen fans that are UL 762 listed for the exhaust of grease-laden air. Buffalo Blower engineers design, test, and manufacture fans for all types of buildings, including condos, custom homes, offices, malls, airports, arenas, and stadiums. We are able to meet your most precise requirements for a variety of HVAC equipment, including all types of custom, package air handlers and roof top units. In addition, NIS-CO can provide exhaust for restrooms, elevator shafts, parking garages, and jet bridges; stairwell pressurization; rooftop and sidewall supply and exhaust, including smoke and heat exhaust fans that are UL listed for Smoke Control Systems, as well as kitchen fans that are UL 762 listed for the exhaust of grease-laden air.

Large Industrial Fans

NIS-CO supplies thousands of fans to universities, hospitals, laboratories and research facilities, military bases, hotels, convention centers, and cruise ships around the world; working closely with architects, engineers and contractors to design and test fans that can meet the most precise quality and reliability requirements. NIS-CO amkes smoke and heat exhaust fans that are UL listed for Smoke Control Systems, kitchen fans that are UL 762 listed for the exhaust of grease-laden air, and a full line of laboratory and fume exhaust systems. NIS-CO provides fans for numerous residential building applications, such as stairwell and elevator shaft pressurization; kitchen, restroom, and pool exhaust; and every aspect of HVAC, including air handlers, gravity ventilators, and large rooftop units.

Exhaust Fans & Supply Fans

Manufacturing facilities require a large amount of ventilation to maintain a healthy work environment for the people working within the buildings. NIS-CO designs and builds fans to control and handle the exhaust, supply, and make-up air requirements for all types of manufacturing environments and spaces. The exhaust of welding and other noxious fumes and dusts, as well as the exhaust of hot air produced from ovens and other high temperature processes, are essential to providing safe and comfortable working conditions. In many cases, the building heating, cooling, and air conditioning (HVAC) requirements are also critical for proper production control and working conditions. A wide variety of businesses, industries, medical facilities, and institutions require ultra clean environments for research and development as well as production of specialty products and equipment. These facilities demand high filtration and positive pressures inside the clean room space to control the process and limit potential contamination. Other requirements typically include variable air volume, high efficient air moving equipment, low noise, and ultra-low vibration levels from the mechanical equipment.

Buffalo Fans & Ventilators

Among many other changes, the green revolution has created a greater need for more energy efficient fans and ventilation equipment. As a leader in the fan industry, NIS-CO engineers and manufactures high efficient products for a wide variety of green friendly applications including LEED building designs, biofuel and biomass production plants, landfills, solar film manufacturing facilities, as well as numerous waste energy and heat recovery systems. Regardless of how unique or specialized your process is, Buffalo Blower can customize our products to meet virtually any requirement.

Large Industrial Blowers & Fans

NIS-CO is well known for leveraging its design and manufacturing capabilities when constructing the heavy duty fans required for marine applications. Such marine duty fans are used for many purposes including boiler combustion air, mechanical ventilation, off shore rig diesel generator exhaust disbursement, pressurization, engine cooling, and dust control. Our air moving equipment can be found on drilling rigs, production platforms, tug boats, cruise ships, ferries, and cargo ships. We offer a number of features to meet the specific needs of the marine industry. These include shortened axial fan housings for operating in tight spaces, cast aluminum impellers and hot dip galvanized steel components for extended durability, spark resistant construction for potentially explosive air streams, water tight electrical connections to withstand corrosive environments, and IEEE 45 marine duty motors for both above deck and below deck installations.

Industrial Blower Supplier

In addition to our extensive fan design and manufacturing experience, NIS-CO offer a number of products meeting requirements of the marine industry’s governing and standard organizations including:

• Air Movement and Control Association (AMCA) – Spark Resistant Construction
• American Bureau of Shipping (ABS) – Type Approval for Ventilation and Non-Sparking services
• Appareils destinés à être utilisés en ATmosphères Explosives (ATEX) – Equipment Directive 94/9/EC

Additional information can be found at the NIS-CO company web site http://www.canadablower.com/fans/index.html

Susan Terlitski
Canadian Ventilating Engineer
canadablower@canadablower.com
NIS-CO
http://www.canadablower.com/blowers/index.html
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Choosing the Right Industrial Blowers and Blower Fans

Industrial fans and blower fans provide efficient high volume ventilation in the home through air and gas. Every environment needs a large amount of air to refresh and replace the polluted air which may cause the human and materials destruction in the home. Normally, these fans are used in the industries and companies for drying and cooling applications. Most agricultural, food processing, mining and construction, chemicals, medical, oil and gas, and automotive industries cannot do without these fans as they form major part of their often used equipments. This is because they are decreasing heat levels at industrial units operations, shrink moisture in bathrooms, greenhouses, gyms and spas. Blower fans and industrial fans also decrease smoke and odors in cooking and processing applications and to reduce gaseous fumes.

Industrial Blower Fans Types

Types, Modes and Mounting of Blower and industrial fans are:

Blower fans and industrial fans consist of one of two main modes: radial industrial blowers and axial industrial blowers. The needed air is produce through circulating blades of the blower fan directing the flow based on the modes mentioned (radial or axial). Blower fans and industrial fans are of different types. It may be plastic mode or metal mode and at times it may be combination of both.

Industrial Blower Sizes

There are different sizes of the model of these fans and these differences worth noting because of their importance. At times, work environment determines the size of the fans to be used to meet the need of the user. Some units are hung into the structure of an environment along with vibration absorbent brackets that contain both the industrial fans themselves and their power supply. For space that requires temporary circulation or air transfer such as construction sites or during clean up spills or water damage, portable and handy fans are useful in such area due to their temporary use.

Industrial Blower & Industrial Fan Functions

Functions of Blower fans and Industrial fans include:

Blower fans and industrial fans are multifunctional gadgets in the industrial application where they are used. They both offer health benefits by reducing the odors and blowing away and refreshing the polluted and contaminated air. They also blow away smoke from where it is not demanded. Their provision of environmental benefits through decrease in heat and humidity levels also made them a must for every industry irrespective of their size. They are available in a wide number of configurations that vary in from airflow route to speed. So decide to make your choice.

Additional information can be found at the Fan and Blower company web site http://www.fanblower.com/cabinet_blower_fan.htm

Susann Terlitski
Designer of Industrial Air Handling Units
Fan and Blower Co.
abbblower@abbblower.com
http://www.fanblower.com/inline_fan.htm
http://www.fanblower.com/fume_dust_extraction_system.htm

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Industrial Blower Fan Ventilation System

This article will discuss options for improving energy efficiency when designing an HVAC system and selecting a fan. HVAC design engineers face many choices throughout the planning process, perhaps few as crucial as that of fan equipment, a principal consumer of energy.

Industrial Blowers & Fans Flow Rates

Flow rates are predetermined based on space type and occupancy. Although local codes determine minimum requirements for HVAC systems, ASHRAE Handbook – HVAC Applications provides general design criteria for various commercial and public buildings. These criteria include air movement, room circulation, noise, and filter efficiency. Although all are important, room circulation, in air changes per hour, typically determines airflow requirements. Because flow rate is driven by design criteria, a design engineer’s primary means of reducing energy use is to minimize the static pressure needed to move air through a system.

Air Movement and Control Association (AMCA) International defines system pressure loss as “the sum of the static-pressure losses due to friction, shock, dissipation of velocity pressure at the system discharge, and the static-pressure differences between the entry and discharge openings of an air system. The static pressure a fan must overcome is dependent on many variables, only some of which the design engineer can control. The location of equipment often is determined by the architect and, therefore, limits the engineer’s options.

Blowers and Fans Duct Configuration

Duct configuration and fittings used to connect components are large contributors to static pressure. Other sources of system pressure loss are balancing and control dampers, variable-air-volume (VAV) boxes, diffusers, louvers, coils, filters, and other components in an air stream. Given that velocity pressure is proportional to the square of velocity, pressure loss in most of these components is proportional to velocity squared. This makes size an important factor, as cross-sectional area dictates fluid velocity. For example, reducing air velocity throughout a system by 10 percent would result in a 20-percent reduction in system static pressure. With air power proportional to pressure, this would equate to a 20-percent reduction in energy consumption.

In addition to accounting for all static-pressure loss in a system and achieving required room airflow, a design engineer must adhere to Section 6.5.3 of ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1, Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings, which limits the power (horsepower) a fan can consume per cubic foot per minute of airflow the fan generates. With flow requirements defined, a design engineer must limit system static pressure to meet this power limitation.

System Effect and Industrial Fans and Blowers

A major contributor to energy consumption that often is ignored is system effect. AMCA International defines system effect as “a decrease in fan performance capability, observed as a pressure loss, which results from the effect of fan-inlet restrictions/obstructions, fan-outlet restrictions, or other conditions influencing the performance of the fan when it is installed in a system.”2 System effect is a reduction in a fan’s ability to generate pressure and can be looked at as an additional system pressure loss. It can lead to underperformance, excessive noise, and vibration in a fan and system.

System Effect and Fan Curves

System effect can be described by its impact on a fan curve. Fan curves are produced from laboratory testing, with fans configured for ideal installations. Testing is performed in accordance with ANSI/AMCA Standard 210-07/ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 51-2007, Laboratory Methods of Testing Fans for Certified Aerodynamic Performance Rating. A fan curve displays performance for a constant speed (revolutions per minute) in terms of static pressure vs. volumetric flow rate. In Figure 1, the intersection of the system-resistance curve and the pressure curve is the operating point of the fan. To move along the system curve to alter fan performance, one must increase or decrease fan speed accordingly. Operating power is where the power curve intersects with a vertical line running through the operating point.

Ideal Industrial Blower Fan Inlet & Outlet Conditions

The ideal inlet and outlet conditions under which fans are tested rarely are seen in the field. As a result, a fan will overperform or underperform in terms of flow rate, static pressure, or both. In Figure 2, a suitable fan was selected, but system effect was ignored. The blue lines represent how the fan would perform under AMCA International test conditions. Actual measured performance is indicated by the red dot. The red line shows how the fan would perform in an AMCA International air test when operating at design speed, but takes into account system effect. The only way to achieve the desired performance is to speed the fan to the rate designated by the green line. The consequence is a higher operating speed, higher brake horsepower, and higher sound levels.

Propeller Fan & Tube Axial Fan Selection

Another key to reducing power consumption is fan selection. Generally, propeller or tube-axial fans are more efficient for relatively low static pressures, while centrifugal-type fans are used for relatively high static pressures. Too often, fan selection is based solely on first cost. The consequence is that a relatively small-diameter, high-speed fan is used. A small fan operating at a high speed generally requires more operating power and produces more noise than a large fan operating at a low speed.

Most of the energy lost in a system is converted to heat. For example, mechanical and electrical energy losses in a fan motor raise the surface temperature of the motor. If the motor is in an air stream, the heat will be transferred directly to the air.

Belt Dive Propeller Fans and other Blower Fan Systems

In a belt-driven system, losses are the result of belt friction, slippage, and / or flexing. All such losses are converted to heat and, if the belt drive is in an air stream, increase the temperature of air. Fan losses quantified by fan efficiency contribute to air-temperature rise as well. As a fan works on a fluid, the friction attributed to the airflow decreases the fan’s efficiency and creates heat. As the efficiency of a system decreases, air-temperature rise increases. In a cooling application, this means increased energy consumption on the part of the compressor. Minimizing inefficiencies results in energy savings. It is the engineer’s responsibility to minimize total system pressure through proper design and layout. This involves balancing economics and efficiencies in specifying a fan. But not all responsibility resides with the engineer. The contractor must ensure appropriate equipment is installed and not base decisions solely on the lowest bid. The contractor needs to be aware of the consequences of poor installation and minimize system effects.

The losses accrued in a system directly affect the system’s power consumption while indirectly increasing the energy consumed by other processes. Energy losses in the form of heat equate to higher operating costs.

Because performance conditions are mandated by codes, proper system design, equipment selection, and installation are the most effective means of minimizing inefficiencies and saving energy.

Additional information can be found at the Northern Industrial company web site http://www.northernindustrialsupplycompany.com/products/air_handling_units.html

Oleg Cthetchel
Canadian Ventilation HVAC Engineer
Northern Industrial Co.
asap@buffalofan.com
http://www.northernindustrialsupplycompany.com/request.html
http://www.northernindustrialsupplycompany.com/outside/request2.html

Ventilation Systems Engineering

asap@buffalofan.com

northernindustrialsupply

northernindustrial

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northernin

northernindustrial

nisco@primus.ca

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Industrial Blower Fan System for Ventilation

If relatively straightforward breeze conditioning system is possible, the rate of air velocity method outlined above should be the basic method used. However, there may be rooms or areas within the building that will require special treatment. If so, one of the other methods, such as spot cooling or zone cooling, may be combined with the basic method to achieve the over-all objectives.

Exhaust Fans

Air circulators may be effectively used to boost air velocity through large buildings that have a flow pattern difficult to control. Air circulators are also used to redirect air into occupied areas near floor level. Air circulators are also effectively used in locations where adequate exhaust and supply air fans may be lacking. Air circulation alone may provide heat relief and cooling comfort to individuals in the area. Northern Fan’s Type CABL fan is ideally suited to this application. For many installations, fans like this may be positioned 8′ to 10′ above the floor and at approximately 50′ intervals to obtain a continuously circulating column of air across a room or building. To broaden the column of air, fans should be located abreast of each other 15′ to 20′ apart. Fan locations and positions are easily adjusted to the requirements of the area.

Although an accurate, intelligent calculation of the required air volume for a breeze conditioning system has been made, there are practical limitations in most buildings that may seriously affect the final results. By giving these limitations proper consideration in the planning stage, the system can usually be modified to compensate for them. Some of the more common limitations are listed here.

Effects of Partitions on Industrial Blower Fans

It is obvious that interior partitions restrict and interrupt the flow of air through a structure. The effect of these partitions on the system must be analyzed and solutions found. In buildings with very high ceilings. the cross-sectional area factor may become unrealistic in calculating the required air volume. In most instances, inexpensive baffles can be installed across the building width to reduce the effective cross-section to an area 10′ or 12′ above floor level. Machinery, raw materials and finished goods that obstruct air circulation. These obstacles, like interior partitions, must be considered and methods worked out to overcome the problems they create to the proper circulation of air through the structure. Frequently, the location of heat-producing machinery will seriously interfere with the preferred pattern of air circulation. This situation can destroy the effectiveness of the system. An alternative plan to overcome the problem is essential.

Ceiling Heights and Industrial Fans

Another limitation of the very high ceiling or roof is the difficulty of maintaining the air velocity near floor level. The baffle method just described is usually the best way to reconcentrate the air flow along the floor level where it will be effective in providing personnel comfort. In large buildings, baffles may be required at l00-foot intervals to keep air flow near the floor level.

Industrial Fans & Blowers Layout

Operations within the area frequently require wall openings or loading doors that will drastically interfere with the desired airflow pattern. In some cases, individuals may open windows that should remain closed to maintain effective air circulation. A remedy for each of these problems is required. For maximum efficiency and economy, a good layout will avoid the restricted intake opening. The type of exhaust equipment normally utilized is most economical and efficient if static pressure in the system is 1/8″ or less. To obtain this condition, air velocity through intake openings should not exceed 1,000 feet per minute, a lower figure is usually desirable.

Additional information can be found at the Northern Fan web site http://northernindustrialsupplycompany.com/products/ventilators.html

Oleg Cthetchel
Air Process Systems Engineer
airknife@cogeco.ca
Northern Fan Co.
http://northernindustrialsupplycompany.com
http://northernindustrialsupplycompany.com/burlington/request6.html

Practical Ways of Ventilating

airknife@cogeco.ca

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canadablow

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Proper Operation of Axial & Centrifugal Blowers and Fans

Proper Operation of Axial Blowers and Fans

In axial flow fan the air must blow in line with the axis of rotation and there must be blades with space between them. With few exceptions, the axial blower or fan must not have a lot of back pressure and will work a lot better if the blade is shrouded. One obvious exception is the turbine compressor used in jet engines, but this requires very tight fittings and very high speed so the air is being rammed in against the outgoing air much faster than it can move – it uses a lot of power and makes a lot of noise. Shrouding works better because the greatest loss in an unshrouded fan is the air coming off near the tips and immediately turning out and back circulating only through the fan and not through the room. The most common shrouded fan people see is muffin style fan in computers. An axial blower can have multiple sets of blades and the blades can even over lap so light is not visible through the fan. Fans are used most often for moving large quantities of air between spaces at atmospheric pressure.

Centrifugal Blowers

Centrifugal blowers come in a number of forms of which the most common is the squirrel cage blower. The common factor is the air is moving perpendicular to the axis of the part that is moving the air. Typically, the air is drawn in through the side of the unit, turns at low speed to encounter the inside of a spinning cylinder with ribs or vanes around the wall of the cylinder which fling the air out and away where it is captured and aimed through an outlet much smaller than the inlet. Think of taking an open tin can, drilling a hole in the center of the bottom to take a bolt as an axle and cutting slots up the sides, bending the material of the slots in, then spinning it with a drill. A variation looks like a plate with ribs running from the center and increasing in height toward the rim, the air being thrown off the rim. The name squirrel cage comes from the appearance like the tread wheel small rodents use for exercise – I suspect it is not called a hamster tread wheel because that is too precise – or childish. Blowers can have higher output pressures, but not a lot higher and they lose capacity rapidly with increasing pressure.

Common Blower Uses

Aside from the small squirrel cage blowers used on some electrical equipment, the most common blowers of this type are the units used for drying carpet after cleaning or a fire, the blowers used for leaf sweeping and the unit hidden inside a vacuum cleaner.

Industrial Blower Installation

Caution is necessary in selecting blowers for series installation. It is generally accepted that most pre-engineered blowers are capable of withstanding twice their catalog rated static pressure. In other words, where two blowers are installed in series the second blower housing should withstand the higher pressure. There is, however, a need for concern when the combined pressure exceeds twice the rated static pressure for one blower. In series applications involving three or more blowers, or in any system in which positive or negative pressure exists prior to the consideration of the blowers, special housing reinforcement may be necessary.

For additional information please refer to http://www.northernindustrialsupplycompany.com/outside/request4.html

Oleg Chetchel
Industrial Process Equipment Engineer
Northern Industrial Co.
http://www.northernindustrialsupplycompany.com/outside/request5.html
http://www.northernindustrialsupplycompany.com/outside/request3.html

Ventilator, Fan and Blowers

fan blower ventilator high temperature pressure industrial super transfer air gas positive negative heavy duty capacity process

fan@cogeco.ca

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Industrial Blowers, Fans and Ventilation

In almost any building or room used for commercial and industrial operations, it is quite likely that there are recurrent conditions that cause personnel discomfort. This is particularly true unless an expensive system for the circulation of refrigerated air (air conditioning) has been provided. In mild to hot weather, the discomfort of individuals is generally due to the build-up of intense heat within the structure. This becomes a severe problem in summer because the sun load on the building is added to the normal sources of heat build-up within the building. Most buildings have sufficient ventilation to remove smoke and fumes detrimental to health. However, it is unlikely that that system contributes very much toward the comfort of the individuals who occupy the mom or building.

Industrial Blowers and Fans for Ventilation

Humans are warm blooded animals whose normal body temperature is 98.6° Fahrenheit. However, we are most comfortable when the air temperature around us is in the 72°-to-78° range. If there is air motion around us, the effect of “wind chill”, or evaporative cooling, enables us to feel comfortable in a much higher air temperature. As the natural air temperature in most non-air conditioned buildings is much warmer than outside air temperatures, the problem of keeping humans comfortable is primarily a cooling problem. Of course, this is not the case in periods of very cold weather. Our purpose is to discuss the environmental problems that frequently exist in periods of moderate to hot weather. An effective, economical solution of these problems is vital to the success of any business.

Proper Industrial Fan Ventilation

If an individual is to produce maximum results, he must be allowed to function in an environment as nearly ideal as can be provided. In fact, the benefits in terms of efficiency and productivity can be substantial. Failure to provide a comfortable environment can be very expensive in terms of errors, work slow-down, complaints, absenteeism, etc. If the major factor is a hot, humid atmosphere, which may include smoke, dust, fumes or other irritants, a practical and effective approach to the problem is available. To obtain a reasonable degree of personnel comfort in hot weather, there are three basic factors that should be provided for in the ventilation and cooling system of a commercial or industrial building.

How to Remove Superheated Air Using Industrial Blowers & Fans

When the air temperature in the occupied area of a room or building exceeds 78° to 82°; most individuals begin to feel uncomfortably warm. The first step toward controlling the problem is to provide for the removal of excessively hot air from the building. This superheated air frequently mixes with the air in cooler areas of the building to produce an overall temperature increase. As superheated air is frequently localized around heat-producing machinery, it should be exhausted from the building near its source. This will prevent some undesirable air temperature increase in other areas. As a rule, outside air temperatures are considerably cooler than those inside a building. As superheated air is exhausted, provision should be made to replace it with fresh, cooler, outside air. Exhaust air in many areas of a building may have a temperature of 125° to 150°. This is usually the case where heat-producing machinery is in use. Similar air temperatures frequently occur near the roof or ceiling where rising warm air is trapped and further heated by the sun load on the roof. When this high temperature air is replaced by outside air, a substantial improvement in the average air temperature of the building results. Even where outside air temperature may be in the 80s or 90s, invariably it is 15° to 20° cooler than the air it replaces. This is a very important improvement to the individuals affected.

Industrial Blower Fan “Breeze Conditioning”

A very effective way to overcome the discomfort of a hot, stuffy room is to create a breeze. Before refrigerated air systems were invented, mechanical fans of every description were used to provide air circulation. The circulation of air over a person’s body immediately causes a cooling effect on the skin. When air is passed over a moist surface, it will evaporate some of the moisture and thus lower the temperature of the surface. This is precisely what occurs when air circulates across the human body.

By creating a gentle breeze throughout a room or area, a great deal of cooling comfort is provided for individuals who must work there. This pattern of air circulation is called “breeze conditioning” by Canada Blower engineers. It is effective even when the air temperature may be 85°’ to 95°. When this air circulation is achieved in combination with the factors mentioned in the paragraphs above, a very effective and practical solution is provided for the problem of personnel discomfort in hot weather.

For additional information please refer to http://canadablower.com

Susan Terlitski
Industrial Process Engineer
canadablower@canadablower.com
Canada Blower
http://www.canadablower.com/hvac/index.html
http://www.canadablower.com/oem/index.html

Commercial Building Ventilating

canadablower@canadablower.com

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buffaloblowercom

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